introduction

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria produce their own food using light energy. It is one of the most important biological processes because it provides energy for nearly all life on Earth.

Definition

Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Where Does It Occur?

Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts found mainly in the leaves of plants.

Main Requirements

• Sunlight ☀️

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air

• Water (H₂O) from the soil

• Chlorophyll (green pigment)

Products Formed

• Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) – food for the plant

• Oxygen (O₂) – released into the atmosphere

Importance of Photosynthesis

• Produces food for plants

• Releases oxygen needed by animals and humans

• Removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• Forms the base of most food chains

• Stores solar energy in chemical form

Stages of Photosynthesis

1. Light-dependent reactions

• Occur in the thylakoids.

• Require sunlight.

• Produce ATP and NADPH.

• Release oxygen.

2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

• Occur in the stroma.

• Use ATP and NADPH.

• Convert CO₂ into glucose.

Conclusion

Photosynthesis is the fundamental process that supports life on Earth. By transforming sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen, plants provide both food and oxygen for most living organisms.